Ohio driving laws
The rules your permit test asks about, in plain English. Each one is quoted from Ohio’s statutes or an official BMV page. Handbooks are often years out of date, so where the law has changed we follow the law.
Checked October 2, 2026.
The short version
- Phones and texting
- Ohio drivers may not use, hold or physically support a phone or other wireless device while driving.
- Alcohol and drugs (DUI)
- Operating a vehicle impaired (OVI) or at 0.08 or more is illegal.
- Seat belts and child seats
- The driver and front-seat passengers must wear seat belts, but police cannot stop you only for a seat belt violation (secondary enforcement).
- School buses
- When a school bus stops to load or unload children, traffic in both directions must stop at least 10 feet from the bus and wait until the bus moves or the driver signals.
Phones and texting
Ohio drivers may not use, hold or physically support a phone or other wireless device while driving. Hands-free and single-touch use is allowed, and adults may hold a phone to the ear for a call as long as they don't type. Permit holders under 18 and probationary (under-18) license holders may not use a device in any way, even hands-free.
Official wording (6 sources)
“while using, holding, or physically supporting with any part of the person's body an electronic wireless communications device.”
codes.ohio.gov“A person using and holding an electronic wireless communications device directly near the person's ear for the purpose of making, receiving, or conducting a telephone call, provided that the person does not manually enter letters, numbers, or symbols into the device;”
codes.ohio.gov“the court shall impose upon the offender a fine of not more than one hundred fifty dollars.”
codes.ohio.gov“the court shall impose upon the offender a fine of not more than five hundred dollars. The court also may impose a suspension”
codes.ohio.gov“No holder of a temporary instruction permit who has not attained the age of eighteen years and no holder of a probationary driver's license shall drive a motor vehicle”
codes.ohio.gov“whoever violates division (A) of this section shall be fined one hundred fifty dollars. In addition, the court shall impose a class seven suspension of the offender's driver's license or permit for a definite period of sixty days.”
codes.ohio.gov
Alcohol and drugs (DUI)
Operating a vehicle impaired (OVI) or at 0.08 or more is illegal; drivers under 21 may not drive at 0.02 or more, and commercial drivers at 0.04 or more. Refusing a chemical test brings an immediate one-year administrative license suspension for a first refusal.
Official wording (10 sources)
“The person has a concentration of eight-hundredths of one gram or more but less than seventeen-hundredths of one gram by weight of alcohol per two hundred ten liters of the person's breath.”
codes.ohio.gov“No person under twenty-one years of age shall operate any vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley within this state, if, at the time of the operation, any of the following apply:”
codes.ohio.gov“The person has a concentration of at least two-hundredths of one gram but less than eight-hundredths of one gram by weight of alcohol per two hundred ten liters of the person's breath.”
codes.ohio.gov“Drive a commercial motor vehicle while having an alcohol concentration of four-hundredths of one per cent or more by whole blood or breath;”
codes.ohio.gov“the suspension shall be a class C suspension for the period of time specified in division (B)(3) of section 4510.02 of the Revised Code.”
codes.ohio.gov“For a class C suspension, one year;”
codes.ohio.gov“a mandatory jail term of three consecutive days. As used in this division, three consecutive days means seventy-two consecutive hours.”
codes.ohio.gov“In all cases, a fine of not less than five hundred sixty-five and not more than one thousand seventy-five dollars;”
codes.ohio.gov“a suspension of the offender's driver's or commercial driver's license or permit or nonresident operating privilege for a definite period of one to three years.”
codes.ohio.gov“the suspension shall be a class E suspension imposed for the period of time specified in division (B)(5) of section 4510.02 of the Revised Code.”
codes.ohio.gov
Seat belts and child seats
The driver and front-seat passengers must wear seat belts, but police cannot stop you only for a seat belt violation (secondary enforcement). Under-18 probationary drivers must have every passenger belted. Children under 4 or under 40 pounds need a child safety seat, and children under 8 and under 4'9" need a booster seat.
Official wording (6 sources)
“Operate an automobile on any street or highway unless that person is wearing all of the available elements of a properly adjusted occupant restraining device”
codes.ohio.gov“Occupy, as a passenger, a seating position on the front seat of an automobile being operated on any street or highway unless that person is wearing all of the available elements of a properly adjusted occupant restraining device;”
codes.ohio.gov“no law enforcement officer shall cause an operator of an automobile being operated on any street or highway to stop the automobile for the sole purpose of determining whether a violation of division (B) of this section has been or is being committed”
codes.ohio.gov“A child who is less than four years of age;”
codes.ohio.gov“When any child who is less than eight years of age and less than four feet nine inches in height, who is not required by division (A) or (B) of this section to be secured in a child restraint system”
codes.ohio.gov“each occupant of the vehicle is wearing all of the available elements of a properly adjusted occupant restraining device.”
codes.ohio.gov
Move Over law
When you approach a stationary emergency, public safety, road service (tow), waste collection, PUCO inspection or highway maintenance vehicle with flashing lights, move to a lane not next to it if you have two or more lanes in your direction and it is safe. If you can't, slow down and proceed with caution.
Official wording (4 sources)
“shall proceed with due caution and, if possible and with due regard to the road, weather, and traffic conditions, shall change lanes into a lane that is not adjacent to that of the stationary public safety vehicle”
codes.ohio.gov“the driver shall proceed with due caution, reduce the speed of the motor vehicle, and maintain a safe speed for the road, weather, and traffic conditions.”
codes.ohio.gov“upon approaching a stationary public safety vehicle, emergency vehicle, road service vehicle, waste collection vehicle”
codes.ohio.gov“shall impose a fine of two times the usual amount imposed for the violation.”
codes.ohio.gov
School buses
When a school bus stops to load or unload children, traffic in both directions must stop at least 10 feet from the bus and wait until the bus moves or the driver signals. On a highway of four or more lanes, traffic coming from the opposite direction does not have to stop.
Official wording (3 sources)
“shall stop at least ten feet from the front or rear of the school bus and shall not proceed until such school bus resumes motion, or until signaled by the school bus driver to proceed.”
codes.ohio.gov“Where a highway has been divided into four or more traffic lanes, a driver of a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley need not stop for a school bus approaching from the opposite direction”
codes.ohio.gov“Whoever violates division (A) of this section may be fined an amount not to exceed five hundred dollars.”
codes.ohio.gov
Speed limits
Unless posted otherwise: 20 mph in school zones during school hours, 25 mph in most of a city or village, 35 mph on state routes in a city outside business districts, 55 mph on highways outside cities, and up to 70 mph on rural freeways.
Official wording (6 sources)
“Twenty miles per hour in school zones during school recess and while children are going to or leaving school during the opening or closing hours, and when twenty miles per hour school speed limit signs are erected;”
codes.ohio.gov“Twenty-five miles per hour in all other portions of a municipal corporation, except on state routes outside business districts, through highways outside business districts, and alleys;”
codes.ohio.gov“Thirty-five miles per hour on all state routes or through highways within municipal corporations outside business districts”
codes.ohio.gov“Fifty-five miles per hour on highways outside municipal corporations”
codes.ohio.gov“Seventy miles per hour on all rural freeways;”
codes.ohio.gov“Sixty-five miles per hour on all portions of freeways or expressways without traffic control signals in urbanized areas.”
codes.ohio.gov
After a crash
After any crash you must stop and give your name, address, vehicle owner and plate number to anyone injured, the other driver and any officer at the scene. If you hit an unattended vehicle, leave the information on it; if you damage roadside property and can't find the owner, report to police or the sheriff within 24 hours. Ohio has no general damage threshold that requires drivers to file their own crash report.
Official wording (5 sources)
“The operator shall remain at the scene of the accident or collision until the operator has given the operator's name and address and, if the operator is not the owner, the name and address of the owner of that motor vehicle”
codes.ohio.gov“If the accident or collision is with an unoccupied or unattended motor vehicle, the operator who collides with the motor vehicle shall securely attach the information required to be given in this section, in writing”
codes.ohio.gov“within twenty-four hours after the accident, shall forward to the police department of the city or village in which the accident or collision occurred”
codes.ohio.gov“may, within six months after the accident, forward a written report of the accident to the registrar of motor vehicles on a form prescribed by the registrar alleging that a driver or owner of any vehicle involved in the accident was uninsured”
codes.ohio.gov“Damage must exceed $400 and an itemized estimate or bill included, or personal injury exceeding $500.”
dam.assets.ohio.gov
Insurance
Ohio requires every driver to keep proof of financial responsibility, usually liability insurance of at least $25,000 per person and $50,000 per crash for injury or death, and $25,000 for property damage.
Official wording (4 sources)
“Twenty-five thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or death of one person in any one accident;”
codes.ohio.gov“Fifty thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or death of two or more persons in any one accident;”
codes.ohio.gov“Twenty-five thousand dollars because of injury to property of others in any one accident.”
codes.ohio.gov“No person shall operate, or permit the operation of, a motor vehicle in this state, unless proof of financial responsibility is maintained continuously throughout the registration period”
codes.ohio.gov
Motorcycle helmets
Riders under 18, riders in their first year with a novice endorsement, and anyone riding with them as a passenger must wear a DOT-approved helmet. TIPIC holders must also wear one. Every rider and passenger must use safety glasses or other eye protection.
Official wording (4 sources)
“no person shall operate or be a passenger on a snowmobile or motorcycle without using safety glasses or other protective eye device.”
codes.ohio.gov“no person who is under the age of eighteen years, or who holds a motorcycle operator's endorsement or license bearing a "novice" designation that is currently in effect as provided in section 4507.13 of the Revised Code, shall operate a motorcycle on a highway”
codes.ohio.gov“and no other person shall be a passenger on a motorcycle operated by such a person unless similarly wearing a protective helmet.”
codes.ohio.gov“is wearing on the person's head a protective helmet that has been approved by the United States department of transportation”
codes.ohio.gov
Motorcycle permit rules
You can get a motorcycle TIPIC at 15 years 6 months after passing the knowledge test and vision screening. It is valid for one year. TIPIC riders must wear a helmet, ride only in daylight, carry no passengers, and stay off limited-access highways and heavily congested roads. Riders under 18 must complete an approved basic rider course before getting the endorsement.
Official wording (6 sources)
“To obtain a Motorcycle or Motor Scooter TIPIC, you must be at least age 15 years, six months and pass a motorcycle or motor scooter knowledge test.”
bmv.ohio.gov“A temporary instruction permit to drive a motor vehicle other than a commercial motor vehicle shall be valid for a period of one year.”
codes.ohio.gov“At any time when lighted lights are required by division (A)(1) of section 4513.03 of the Revised Code;”
codes.ohio.gov“On any limited access highway or heavily congested roadway.”
codes.ohio.gov“Each person under eighteen years of age applying for a motorcycle operator's endorsement or a restricted license enabling the applicant to operate a motorcycle shall present satisfactory evidence of having completed the courses of instruction in the motorcycle safety and education program”
codes.ohio.gov“attesting to the applicant's successful completion within the preceding sixty days of a course of basic instruction provided by the motorcycle safety and education program”
codes.ohio.gov
Lane splitting
Lane splitting and filtering are not legal in Ohio. You must drive within a single lane, and no more than two motorcycles may ride side by side in one lane.
Official wording (2 sources)
“A vehicle or trackless trolley shall be driven, as nearly as is practicable, entirely within a single lane or line of traffic and shall not be moved from such lane or line until the driver has first ascertained that such movement can be made with safety.”
codes.ohio.gov“Persons riding bicycles, electric bicycles, or motorcycles upon a roadway shall ride not more than two abreast in a single lane”
codes.ohio.gov
This page summarizes the law for study purposes and is not legal advice. Laws change; confirm with Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles (Ohio Department of Public Safety).