Pennsylvania driving laws

The rules your permit test asks about, in plain English. Each one is quoted from Pennsylvania’s statutes or an official PennDOT page. Handbooks are often years out of date, so where the law has changed we follow the law.

Checked October 2, 2026.

The short version

Alcohol and drugs (DUI)
Pennsylvania's DUI law applies at a BAC of 0.08 or more, 0.02 for drivers under 21 and school bus drivers, and 0.04 in other commercial vehicles.
Seat belts and child seats
Drivers and front-seat passengers 18 and older must buckle up, but police can ticket that only alongside another violation.
Speed limits
Unless posted otherwise: 35 mph in urban districts, 25 mph on local residential streets, 55 mph elsewhere, and up to 65 or 70 mph on freeways where posted.
Move Over law
When you approach an emergency response area or a disabled vehicle marked with hazard lights, flares or signs, move to a lane that is not next to it.

Phones and texting

Under Paul Miller's Law, Pennsylvania drivers may not hold or otherwise use a phone or other interactive mobile device while driving, including when stopped in traffic or at a light. Hands-free use is allowed. Texting while driving is also banned. Each offense carries a $50 fine.

Official wording (7 sources)
  • “Except as provided under subsection (b), no driver shall use an interactive mobile device while driving a motor vehicle.”
    palegis.us
  • “Using at least one hand to hold, or supporting with another part of the body, an interactive mobile device.”
    palegis.us
  • “Operating a motor vehicle on a highway, including while the motor vehicle is temporarily stationary because of traffic, a traffic control device or other momentary delay.”
    palegis.us
  • “a person who violates this section commits a summary offense and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to pay a fine of $50.”
    palegis.us
  • “For the first 12 months after the effective date of this subsection, a driver who violates subsection (a) may only be issued a written warning for a violation.”
    palegis.us
  • “(June 5, 2024, P.L.366, No.18, eff. 12 months) 2024 Amendment. Act 18 added section 3316.1.”
    palegis.us
  • “No driver shall operate a motor vehicle on a highway or trafficway in this Commonwealth while using an interactive mobile device to send, read or write a text-based communication while the vehicle is in motion.”
    palegis.us

Alcohol and drugs (DUI)

Pennsylvania's DUI law applies at a BAC of 0.08 or more, 0.02 for drivers under 21 and school bus drivers, and 0.04 in other commercial vehicles. Refusing a chemical test brings a 12-month license suspension (18 months with a prior) and tougher DUI penalties.

Official wording (8 sources)
  • “such that the alcohol concentration in the individual's blood or breath is at least 0.08% but less than 0.10% within two hours after the individual has driven, operated or been in actual physical control of the movement of the vehicle.”
    palegis.us
  • “A minor may not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of a vehicle after imbibing a sufficient amount of alcohol such that the alcohol concentration in the minor's blood or breath is 0.02% or higher”
    palegis.us
  • “0.04% or greater within two hours after the individual has driven, operated or been in actual physical control of the movement of a commercial vehicle other than a school bus or a school vehicle.”
    palegis.us
  • “the department shall suspend the operating privilege of the person as follows: (i) Except as set forth in subparagraph (ii), for a period of 12 months. (ii) For a period of 18 months if any of the following apply:”
    palegis.us
  • “the person's operating privilege will be suspended upon refusal to submit to chemical testing and the person will be subject to a restoration fee of up to $2,000;”
    palegis.us
  • “(i) undergo a mandatory minimum term of six months' probation; (ii) pay a fine of $300; (iii) attend an alcohol highway safety school approved by the department;”
    palegis.us
  • “There shall be no suspension for an ungraded misdemeanor under section 3802(a) where the person is subject to the penalties provided in subsection (a) and the person has no prior offense.”
    palegis.us
  • “(i) undergo imprisonment of not less than 48 consecutive hours; (ii) pay a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $5,000;”
    palegis.us

Seat belts and child seats

Drivers and front-seat passengers 18 and older must buckle up, but police can ticket that only alongside another violation. Drivers under 18, and every passenger aged 8 to 17 in any seat, must be belted, and that is enforced on its own. Children under 4 ride in a car seat (rear-facing under 2) and children 4 to 7 in a booster.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “Each driver and front seat occupant of a passenger car, Class I truck, Class II truck, classic motor vehicle, antique motor vehicle or motor home operated in this Commonwealth shall wear a properly adjusted and fastened safety seat belt system.”
    palegis.us
  • “No person shall be convicted of a violation of subsection (a)(2)(ii) unless the person is also convicted of another violation of this title which occurred at the same time.”
    palegis.us
  • “secure or cause to be secured in a properly adjusted and fastened safety seat belt every vehicle occupant eight years of age or older but under 18 years of age.”
    palegis.us
  • “who transports a child under two years of age anywhere in the motor vehicle shall fasten such child securely in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system,”
    palegis.us
  • “who transports a child four years of age or older but under eight years of age anywhere in the motor vehicle, including the cargo area, shall fasten such child securely in a fastened safety seat belt system and in an appropriately fitting child booster seat,”
    palegis.us

Move Over law

When you approach an emergency response area or a disabled vehicle marked with hazard lights, flares or signs, move to a lane that is not next to it. If you cannot, slow to at least 20 mph below the posted limit.

Official wording (4 sources)
  • “pass in a lane not adjacent to that of the emergency response area, if possible; or (2) if passing in a nonadjacent lane is impossible, illegal or unsafe, pass the emergency response area at a speed of no more than 20 miles per hour less than the posted speed limit”
    palegis.us
  • “When approaching or passing a disabled vehicle, a person shall: (1) if it is possible to do so, pass in a lane not adjacent to that of the disabled vehicle;”
    palegis.us
  • “(1) For a first offense, a fine of not more than $500. (2) For a second offense, a fine of not more than $1,000. (3) For a third or subsequent offense, a fine of not more than $2,000.”
    palegis.us
  • “If drivers cannot move over because of traffic or other conditions, they must reduce their speed to at least 20 miles per hour below the posted speed limit.”
    pa.gov

School buses

Drivers in both directions must stop at least 10 feet from a school bus with flashing red lights and an extended stop arm, and wait until the lights stop and children are safe. You need not stop if the bus is on a different roadway of a divided highway.

Official wording (4 sources)
  • “the driver of a vehicle meeting or overtaking any school bus stopped on a highway or trafficway shall stop at least ten feet before reaching the school bus when the red signal lights on the school bus are flashing and the side stop signal arms are activated”
    palegis.us
  • “The driver of a vehicle upon a highway or trafficway with separate roadways need not stop upon meeting or passing a school bus with actuated red signal lights which is on a different roadway.”
    palegis.us
  • “commits a summary offense and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to pay a fine of $250 and a $35 surcharge.”
    palegis.us
  • “Failure to stop for a school bus with its red lights flashing and stop arm extended (60-day suspension).”
    pa.gov

Speed limits

Unless posted otherwise: 35 mph in urban districts, 25 mph on local residential streets, 55 mph elsewhere, and up to 65 or 70 mph on freeways where posted. School zones are 15 mph when active.

Official wording (3 sources)
  • “(1) 35 miles per hour in any urban district. (1.1) 65 miles per hour or 70 miles per hour for all vehicles on freeways where the department has posted a 65-miles-per-hour or 70-miles-per-hour speed limit.”
    palegis.us
  • “25 miles per hour in a residence district if the highway: (i) is not a numbered traffic route; and (ii) is functionally classified by the department as a local highway. (2) 55 miles per hour in other locations.”
    palegis.us
  • “When passing through a school zone as defined and established under regulations of the department, no person shall drive a vehicle at a speed greater than 15 miles per hour.”
    palegis.us

After a crash

Call police immediately if a crash injures or kills anyone or leaves a vehicle unable to be driven so it needs towing. If police do not investigate such a crash, the driver must send PennDOT a written report within five days.

Official wording (3 sources)
  • “The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident shall immediately by the quickest means of communication give notice to the nearest office of a duly authorized police department if the accident involves: (1) injury to or death of any person; or”
    palegis.us
  • “damage to any vehicle involved to the extent that it cannot be driven under its own power in its customary manner without further damage or hazard to the vehicle, other traffic elements, or the roadway, and therefore requires towing.”
    palegis.us
  • “the driver of a vehicle which is in any manner involved in the accident shall, within five days of the accident, forward a written report of the accident to the department.”
    palegis.us

Insurance

Pennsylvania requires liability coverage of at least $15,000 per person and $30,000 per crash for injuries and $5,000 for property damage, plus $5,000 in first-party medical benefits.

Official wording (2 sources)
  • “in the amount of $15,000 because of injury to one person in any one accident, in the amount of $30,000 because of injury to two or more persons in any one accident and in the amount of $5,000 because of damage to property of others in any one accident.”
    palegis.us
  • “shall include coverage providing a medical benefit in the amount of $5,000.”
    palegis.us

Motorcycle helmets

Every motorcycle rider and passenger must wear a helmet unless they are 21 or older and have either two years of motorcycle licensing or a completed approved rider course (passengers 21+ of an exempt rider are also exempt). All riders and passengers must wear approved eye protection.

Official wording (4 sources)
  • “no person shall operate or ride upon a motorcycle or a motor-driven cycle (other than a motorized pedalcycle) unless he is wearing protective headgear which complies with standards established by the department.”
    palegis.us
  • “A person 21 years of age or older who has been licensed to operate a motorcycle for not less than two full calendar years.”
    palegis.us
  • “A person 21 years of age or older who has completed a motorcycle rider safety course approved by the department or the Motorcycle Safety Foundation.”
    palegis.us
  • “No person shall operate or ride upon a motorcycle (other than a motorized pedalcycle or a three-wheeled motorcycle equipped with an enclosed cab) unless he is wearing an eye-protective device of a type approved by the department.”
    palegis.us

Motorcycle permit rules

A Class M learner's permit is available from age 16 and is valid for one year. You may ride only from sunrise to sunset, carry no passenger except a licensed instructor and, unless you already hold another class of license, must be supervised by a licensed motorcycle operator. Riders under 18 need six months, 65 hours and the state Basic Rider Course before the license.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “A motorcycle learner's permit entitles the person to whom it is issued to operate a motorcycle only between sunrise and sunset and, except for a driver licensed to drive another class of vehicle, only while under the instruction and immediate supervision of a licensed motorcycle operator.”
    palegis.us
  • “Motorcycle learners shall not carry any passenger other than an instructor properly licensed to operate a motorcycle.”
    palegis.us
  • “A learner's permit shall be valid for a period of one year after date of issue, or until the holder of the permit has failed the examination as authorized in section 1508”
    palegis.us
  • “For a Class M license to operate a motorcycle, present evidence of successful completion of the department-approved motorcycle safety course.”
    palegis.us
  • “CLASS M (minimum age 16): A Class M driver's license will be issued to those persons 16 years of age or older who have demonstrated their ability to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle.”
    pa.gov

Lane splitting

Lane splitting and filtering are illegal in Pennsylvania. You may not ride between lanes of traffic or rows of vehicles, or pass a vehicle in the same lane. Two motorcycles may ride side by side in one lane.

Official wording (2 sources)
  • “No person shall operate a motorcycle between lanes of traffic or between adjacent lines or rows of vehicles.”
    palegis.us
  • “The operator of a motorcycle shall not overtake and pass in the same lane occupied by the vehicle being overtaken.”
    palegis.us

This page summarizes the law for study purposes and is not legal advice. Laws change; confirm with Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Driver and Vehicle Services.

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