Colorado driving laws

The rules your permit test asks about, in plain English. Each one is quoted from Colorado’s statutes or an official DMV page. Handbooks are often years out of date, so where the law has changed we follow the law.

Checked October 2, 2026.

The short version

Phones and texting
Since January 1, 2025, no driver may hold a phone to talk, text, or watch video while driving.
Alcohol and drugs (DUI)
DUI per se is driving with a BAC of 0.08 or more.
Seat belts and child seats
The driver and every front-seat passenger must buckle up.
Move Over law
For a stopped emergency vehicle, tow truck, utility vehicle, or any stopped vehicle with hazard or warning lights, move over so there is a full lane between you and it.

Phones and texting

Since January 1, 2025, no driver may hold a phone to talk, text, or watch video while driving; hands-free use is allowed. There is no separate under-18 rule any more. Fines start at $75.

Official wording (7 sources)
  • “Except as specified in subsection (3) of this section, an individual shall not use a mobile electronic device while operating a motor vehicle.”
    olls.info
  • “Physically holding a mobile electronic device in the driver's hand or pinning a mobile electronic device to a driver's ear to conduct voice-based communication”
    olls.info
  • “Writing, sending, or reading text-based communication, including a text message, instant message, email, or internet data, on a mobile electronic device”
    olls.info
  • “A fine of seventy-five dollars and a surcharge of ten dollars for the first offense within the immediately preceding twenty-four months”
    olls.info
  • “A fine of one hundred fifty dollars and a surcharge of ten dollars for the second offense within the immediately preceding twenty-four months”
    olls.info
  • “Produces a hands-free accessory or proof of purchase of a hands-free accessory”
    olls.info
  • “An individual operating a motor vehicle shall not be cited for a violation of subsection (2) of this section unless a law enforcement officer saw the individual use a mobile electronic device in a manner that caused the individual to drive in a careless and imprudent manner”
    olls.info

Alcohol and drugs (DUI)

DUI per se is driving with a BAC of 0.08 or more; drivers under 21 face penalties from 0.02, and commercial drivers from 0.04. Refusing a chemical test brings a one-year license revocation for a first refusal.

Official wording (7 sources)
  • “A person who drives a motor vehicle or vehicle when the person's BAC is 0.08 or more at the time of driving or within two hours after driving commits DUI per se.”
    olls.info
  • “It is a class A traffic infraction for any person under twenty-one years of age to drive a motor vehicle or vehicle when the person's BAC, as shown by analysis of the person's breath, is at least 0.02 but not more than 0.05”
    olls.info
  • “when the person's BAC was 0.04 or more at the time of driving or at any time thereafter”
    olls.info
  • “the department shall revoke the license of a person for refusal for one year for a first violation, two years for a second”
    olls.info
  • “Imprisonment in the county jail for at least five days but no more than one year, the minimum period of which shall be mandatory”
    olls.info
  • “A fine of at least six hundred dollars but no more than one thousand dollars, and the court shall have discretion to suspend the fine”
    olls.info
  • “The department shall revoke the license of a person for excess BAC 0.08 for: (A) Nine months for a first violation”
    olls.info

Seat belts and child seats

The driver and every front-seat passenger must buckle up; enforcement is secondary for adults. Every child under 18 must be in a seat belt or child restraint, and children under 9 need a car seat or booster. When the driver is under 18, every occupant must be buckled, and that rule is enforced as a primary offense.

Official wording (10 sources)
  • “every driver of and every front seat passenger in a motor vehicle and every driver of and every passenger in an autocycle equipped with a safety belt system shall wear a fastened safety belt”
    olls.info
  • “No driver in a motor vehicle shall be cited for a violation of subsection (2) of this section unless such driver was stopped by a law enforcement officer for an alleged violation of articles 1 to 4 of this title other than a violation of this section.”
    olls.info
  • “Colorado has a secondary enforcement law for adult drivers and front-seat passengers. Drivers can be ticketed for violating the seat belt law if they are stopped for another traffic violation.”
    csp.colorado.gov
  • “Colorado’s Graduated Drivers Licensing (GDL) law requires all drivers under 18 and their passengers, regardless of age, to wear seat belts. This is a primary enforcement”
    csp.colorado.gov
  • “Occupants in motor vehicles driven by persons under eighteen years of age shall be properly restrained or wear seat belts as required in sections 42-4-236 and 42-4-237.”
    olls.info
  • “every child who is under nine years of age and who is being transported in this state in a motor vehicle or in a vehicle operated by a child care center shall be properly restrained in a child restraint system according to the manufacturer's instructions.”
    olls.info
  • “If the child is less than two years of age, the child shall be properly restrained in a rear seat of the vehicle, if a rear seat is available, and: (A) In a rear-facing child restraint system if the child weighs under forty pounds”
    olls.info
  • “If the child is four years of age or older, but less than nine years of age, and weighs at least forty pounds, the child shall be properly restrained: (A) In a child restraint system or booster seat”
    olls.info
  • “every child who is at least nine years of age but less than eighteen years of age who is being transported in this state in a motor vehicle or in a vehicle operated by a child care center shall be properly restrained in a safety belt or child restraint system”
    olls.info
  • “Child passenger safety laws are a primary violation.”
    csp.colorado.gov

Move Over law

For a stopped emergency vehicle, tow truck, utility vehicle, or any stopped vehicle with hazard or warning lights, move over so there is a full lane between you and it. If you cannot, slow down: to 25 mph or less where the limit is under 45 mph, or to 20 mph below the limit where it is 45 mph or more.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “A stationary towing carrier vehicle that is giving a visual signal by means of flashing, rotating, or oscillating yellow lights”
    olls.info
  • “A stationary motor vehicle giving a hazard signal by displaying alternately flashing lights or displaying warning lights.”
    olls.info
  • “yield the right-of-way by moving into a lane at least one moving lane apart from the stationary vehicle described in subsection (2)(a) of this section”
    olls.info
  • “the driver of an approaching motor vehicle shall reduce and maintain a safe speed with regard to the location of the stationary vehicle”
    olls.info
  • “If the speed limit is less than forty-five miles per hour, twenty-five miles per hour or less; or (B) If the speed limit is forty-five miles per hour or more, twenty miles per hour less than the speed limit.”
    olls.info

School buses

Stop at least 20 feet from a school bus with flashing red lights, whether you are behind it or meeting it, and stay stopped until the lights go off. You need not stop for a bus on a different roadway of a highway divided by a median or barrier.

Official wording (3 sources)
  • “upon meeting or overtaking from either direction any school bus that has stopped, shall stop the vehicle at least twenty feet before reaching the school bus if visual signal lights as specified in subsection (2) of this section have been actuated on the school bus.”
    olls.info
  • “The driver shall not proceed until the visual signal lights are no longer being actuated.”
    olls.info
  • “The driver of a vehicle upon a highway with separate roadways need not stop upon meeting or passing a school bus that is on a different roadway.”
    olls.info

Speed limits

Unless signs say otherwise: 25 mph in business districts, 30 mph in residence districts, 20 mph on narrow winding mountain roads and blind curves, 40 mph on open mountain highways, 55 mph on other open highways, and 65 mph on interstates and four-lane freeways. No road may be posted above 75 mph.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “Twenty-five miles per hour in any business district”
    olls.info
  • “Thirty miles per hour in any residence district”
    olls.info
  • “Fifty-five miles per hour on other open highways which are not on the interstate system”
    olls.info
  • “Sixty-five miles per hour on surfaced, four-lane highways which are on the interstate system”
    olls.info
  • “no person shall drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed in excess of a maximum lawful speed limit of seventy-five miles per hour.”
    olls.info

After a crash

After any crash with injury, death or any property damage, give immediate notice to the nearest police agency. There is no separate driver report to the DMV and no dollar threshold.

Official wording (3 sources)
  • “resulting in injury to, serious bodily injury to, or death of any person or any property damage shall, after fulfilling the requirements of sections 42-4-1602 and 42-4-1603 (1), give immediate notice of the location of such”
    olls.info
  • “to the nearest office of the duly authorized police authority”
    olls.info
  • “has a reasonable basis to believe that damage to the property of any one person does not exceed one thousand dollars”
    olls.info

Insurance

Colorado requires liability coverage of at least $25,000 per person and $50,000 per crash for injury or death, and $15,000 for property damage.

Official wording (1 source)
  • “of twenty-five thousand dollars to any one person in any one accident and fifty thousand dollars to all persons in any one accident and for property damage arising out of the use of the motor vehicle to a limit, exclusive of interest and costs, of fifteen thousand dollars in any one accident.”
    olls.info

Motorcycle helmets

Riders and passengers under 18 must wear a motorcycle helmet with the chin strap fastened. Every rider and passenger must wear goggles or eyeglasses with safety-glass or plastic lenses, unless their helmet has eye protection.

Official wording (2 sources)
  • “Each person under eighteen years of age is wearing a protective helmet of a type and design manufactured for use by operators of motorcycles”
    olls.info
  • “is wearing goggles or eyeglasses with lenses made of safety glass or plastic; except that this subsection (1) does not apply to a person wearing a helmet containing eye protection made of safety glass or plastic.”
    olls.info

Motorcycle permit rules

A motorcycle instruction permit lets you ride only under the close supervision of a licensed motorcyclist 21 or older. Riders under 18 need a parent's affidavit and must hold the permit 12 months and be 16 before getting the endorsement. From January 1, 2027, everyone under 21 must pass a State Patrol-approved safety course before getting the permit.

Official wording (8 sources)
  • “If you are between 15 and 16 years of age, you must have completed a Motorcycle Operator Skills Training (MOST) program, and show proof of completion, prior to receiving your instruction permit.”
    dmv.colorado.gov
  • “You must hold your motorcycle instruction permit for 12 months and be 16 years of age before you can add the endorsement to your driver’s license.”
    dmv.colorado.gov
  • “A motorcycle instruction permit allows you to operate a motorcycle while under the immediate, proximate supervision of an adult who is at least 21 years of age and holds a valid COLORADO license endorsed for motorcycles.”
    dmv.colorado.gov
  • “An instruction permit expires three years after the date of issuance”
    olls.info
  • “No specific safety course is required before getting a permit. Applicants under 18 need to take a basic rider course.”
    dmv.colorado.gov
  • “All applicants under 21 years old must pass a motorcycle safety training program first.”
    dmv.colorado.gov
  • “Per Colorado law, minors under 18 must purchase and hold a motorcycle instruction permit for 12 months before adding the motorcycle endorsement to their license.”
    dmv.colorado.gov
  • “Present your original MOST license waiver card during your appointment and purchase a new driver license to the add motorcycle endorsement.”
    dmv.colorado.gov

Lane splitting

Lane filtering is legal in Colorado until September 1, 2027: a two-wheeled motorcycle may pass stopped vehicles in the same lane at 15 mph or less. Riding between lanes of moving traffic is still illegal.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “A person shall not drive a motorcycle or autocycle between lanes of traffic or between adjacent lines or rows of vehicles.”
    olls.info
  • “may overtake or pass another motor vehicle in the same lane as the motorcycle if: (A) The overtaken or passed motor vehicle is stopped; (B) The motor vehicles in the adjacent lanes, if the lanes are for the same direction of travel as the lane occupied by the two-wheeled motorcycle, are stopped”
    olls.info
  • “The passing motorcycle is driving at fifteen miles per hour or less”
    olls.info
  • “On the right shoulder; (B) To the right of a vehicle in the farthest right-hand lane if the highway is not limited access; or (C) In a lane of traffic moving in the opposite direction.”
    olls.info
  • “This subsection (3)(b) is repealed, effective September 1, 2027.”
    olls.info

This page summarizes the law for study purposes and is not legal advice. Laws change; confirm with Colorado Department of Revenue, Division of Motor Vehicles.

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