Michigan driving laws

The rules your permit test asks about, in plain English. Each one is quoted from Michigan’s statutes or an official SOS page. Handbooks are often years out of date, so where the law has changed we follow the law.

Checked October 2, 2026.

The short version

Phones and texting
Drivers may not hold or use a phone or other mobile electronic device while driving, including when stopped in traffic or at a light.
Alcohol and drugs (DUI)
Operating while intoxicated means a BAC of 0.08 or more or being under the influence.
Seat belts and child seats
The driver and front-seat passengers must wear seat belts, and passengers under 16 must be belted in every seat.
Speed limits
Unless posted: 25 mph in business districts and residential subdivisions, 55 mph on other highways, and 70 mph on freeways (75 where posted), with a 55 mph freeway minimum.

Phones and texting

Drivers may not hold or use a phone or other mobile electronic device while driving, including when stopped in traffic or at a light. Hands-free use with a single touch or swipe is allowed. Level 1 and Level 2 teen drivers may not use a cell phone at all, even hands-free.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “Except as otherwise provided in this section, an individual shall not hold or use a mobile electronic device while operating a motor vehicle.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “For a first violation, pay a $100.00 civil fine or perform 16 hours of community service, or both.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “For a second or subsequent violation, pay a $250.00 civil fine or perform 24 hours of community service, or both.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “including operation while temporarily stationary because of traffic, road conditions, a traffic light, or a stop sign.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “an individual issued a level 1 or level 2 graduated license under section 310e shall not use a cellular telephone while operating a motor vehicle upon a highway or street.”
    legislature.mi.gov

Alcohol and drugs (DUI)

Operating while intoxicated means a BAC of 0.08 or more or being under the influence; 0.17 or more is a 'high BAC' offense with tougher penalties. Drivers under 21 may not have any bodily alcohol (0.02 or more, or any alcohol from drinking). Commercial drivers may not drive at 0.04 or more. Refusing a chemical test costs your license for 1 year.

Official wording (9 sources)
  • “The person has an alcohol content of 0.08 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “The person has an alcohol content of 0.17 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “A person who is less than 21 years of age, whether licensed or not, shall not operate a vehicle on a highway or other place open to the general public”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “An alcohol content of 0.02 grams or more but less than 0.08 grams per 100 milliliters of blood”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “who has an alcohol content of 0.04 grams or more but less than 0.08 grams per 100 milliliters of blood”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “Imprisonment for not more than 93 days, or, if the person is convicted of violating subsection (1)(c), imprisonment for not more than 180 days.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “A fine of not less than $100.00 or more than $500.00, or, if the person is guilty of violating subsection (1)(c), a fine of not less than $200.00 or more than $700.00.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “The secretary of state may issue the individual a restricted license during a specified portion of the suspension, except that the secretary of state shall not issue a restricted license during the first 30 days of suspension.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “suspend or deny the person's operator's or chauffeur's license or permit to drive, or nonresident operating privilege, for 1 year or, for a second or subsequent refusal within 7 years, for 2 years.”
    legislature.mi.gov

Seat belts and child seats

The driver and front-seat passengers must wear seat belts, and passengers under 16 must be belted in every seat. Michigan enforces this as a primary law. Children ride in a car seat or booster until age 8 or 4 feet 9 inches.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “Each operator and front seat passenger of a motor vehicle operated on a street or highway in this state shall wear a properly adjusted and fastened safety belt”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “each operator of a motor vehicle transporting a child 13 years of age or older but less than 16 years of age in a motor vehicle shall secure the child in a properly adjusted and fastened safety belt”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “Michigan has a primary seat belt law, which means law enforcement can stop and ticket motorists solely for not being buckled up.”
    michigan.gov
  • “A child must be restrained in a rear-facing child restraint system until the child meets either of the following conditions”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “must be restrained in a belt-positioning child booster seat secured with a lap-shoulder safety belt until the child meets either of the following conditions: (i) The child has reached the height of 4 feet 9 inches. (ii) The child is 8 years of age or older.”
    legislature.mi.gov

Move Over law

For a stopped emergency or road service vehicle with flashing lights, slow down at least 10 mph below the limit and move over a lane if you can.

Official wording (3 sources)
  • “the driver of the approaching vehicle shall proceed with caution, reduce his or her speed by at least 10 miles per hour below the posted speed limit, and yield the right-of-way by moving into a lane at least 1 moving lane or 2 vehicle widths apart from the stationary authorized emergency vehicle”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “the approaching vehicle shall proceed with due care and caution and reduce his or her speed by at least 10 miles per hour below the posted speed limit, or as directed by a police officer.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “For purposes of section 653a, a road service vehicle giving a visual signal by means of a flashing, rotating, or oscillating red or amber light.”
    legislature.mi.gov

School buses

Stop at least 20 feet from a school bus with flashing red lights, from either direction, unless you are across a divided highway's median or barrier.

Official wording (2 sources)
  • “The operator of a vehicle overtaking or meeting a school bus that has stopped and is displaying 2 alternately flashing red lights located at the same level shall bring the vehicle to a full stop not less than 20 feet from the school bus”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “is not required to stop upon meeting a school bus that has stopped across the raised intervening space, physical barrier, or dividing section.”
    legislature.mi.gov

Speed limits

Unless posted: 25 mph in business districts and residential subdivisions, 55 mph on other highways, and 70 mph on freeways (75 where posted), with a 55 mph freeway minimum.

Official wording (6 sources)
  • “Twenty-five miles per hour on a highway segment within a business district.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “Twenty-five miles per hour on a highway segment within the boundaries of a residential subdivision”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “the speed limit on all trunk line highways and all county highways upon which a speed limit is not otherwise fixed under this act is 55 miles per hour”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “the maximum speed limit on all limited access freeways upon which a speed limit is not otherwise fixed under this act is 70 miles per hour”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “The minimum speed limit on all limited access freeways upon which a minimum speed limit is not otherwise fixed under this act is 55 miles per hour.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “may be decreased by not more than 20 miles per hour less than the speed limit normally posted but shall be not less than 25 miles per hour.”
    legislature.mi.gov

After a crash

Report a crash to police immediately if anyone is hurt or killed or damage is $1,000 or more.

Official wording (1 source)
  • “The driver of a motor vehicle involved in an accident that injures or kills any person, or that damages property to an apparent extent totaling $1,000.00 or more, shall immediately report that accident at the nearest or most convenient police station, or to the nearest or most convenient police officer.”
    legislature.mi.gov

Insurance

The default bodily-injury limits are $250,000 per person and $500,000 per accident, but you may choose limits as low as $50,000/$100,000 by signing a form. Property damage liability must be at least $10,000.

Official wording (3 sources)
  • “after July 1, 2020, a limit, exclusive of interest and costs, of not less than $250,000.00 because of bodily injury to or death of 1 person in any 1 accident.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “may choose to purchase lower limits than required under subsection (1)(a) and (b), but not lower than $50,000.00 under subsection (1)(a) and $100,000.00 under subsection (1)(b).”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “A limit of not less than $10,000.00 because of injury to or destruction of property of others in any accident.”
    legislature.mi.gov

Motorcycle helmets

Helmets are required for riders under 21. Riders 21+ may ride without one only with $20,000 of medical coverage and 2 years' endorsement or a safety course. Eye protection is required above 35 mph without a windshield.

Official wording (5 sources)
  • “Except as provided in subsection (5), a person operating or riding on a motorcycle shall wear a crash helmet on his or her head.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “is not required to wear a crash helmet on his or her head if he or she has had a motorcycle endorsement on his or her operator's or chauffeur's license for not less than 2 years or the person passes a motorcycle safety course”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “A motorcycle operator without a rider, not less than $20,000.00.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “A person less than 19 years of age operating a moped on a public thoroughfare shall wear a crash helmet on his or her head.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “When a motorcycle operated on the public highways of this state in excess of 35 miles per hour is not equipped with a windshield, the operator shall wear goggles with transparent lenses or a transparent face shield or eyeglasses”
    legislature.mi.gov

Motorcycle permit rules

A motorcycle temporary instruction permit (TIP) is valid 180 days, with at most two in 10 years. Permit riders need constant visual supervision by a licensed rider 18+, and may not ride at night or carry passengers.

Official wording (7 sources)
  • “on receiving proper application from an individual 16 or 17 years of age who is enrolled in or has successfully completed an approved motorcycle safety course under section 811a, or an individual who is 18 years of age or older and who holds a valid operator's or chauffeur's license”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “to operate a motorcycle on the public streets and highways for a period of 180 days under the following conditions”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “The applicant shall operate the motorcycle under the constant visual supervision of a licensed motorcycle operator who is at least 18 years of age.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “The applicant shall not operate the motorcycle at night. (c) The applicant shall not operate the motorcycle with a passenger.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “The applicant shall not be eligible for more than 2 motorcycle temporary instruction permits in a 10-year period.”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “Before a person who is less than 18 years of age is issued an original motorcycle endorsement on an operator's or chauffeur's license, the person shall pass a motorcycle safety course”
    legislature.mi.gov
  • “A person who fails this examination 2 or more times is required to successfully complete a motorcycle safety course”
    legislature.mi.gov

Lane splitting

Lane splitting and lane filtering are illegal in Michigan. A motorcyclist may not pass between lines of traffic; at most two motorcycles may ride side by side in one lane.

Official wording (1 source)
  • “shall not pass between lines of traffic, but may pass on the left of traffic moving in his or her direction in the case of a 2-way street or on the left or right of traffic in the case of a 1-way street, in an unoccupied lane.”
    legislature.mi.gov

This page summarizes the law for study purposes and is not legal advice. Laws change; confirm with Michigan Department of State (Secretary of State).

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